Miles W. Cloyd, Ph.D.

Professor

Affiliations: Departments of Microbiology/Immunology and Pathology

Phone: (409) 772-4495
Fax: (409) 747-6869
Email: mcloyd@utmb.edu

Education

• B.A. 1971 University of Montana
• M.S. 1973 University of North Dakota
• Ph.D. 1976 Duke University

research interests

Tumor Virology, Pathology, Leukemia, HIV, AIDS.
Pathogenesis of retroviral infections, focusing on murine leukemia and HIV in humans. Our studies of the molecular mechanisms of transformation by murine leukemia viruses examine the effects of retroviral infection and gene products on membrane-mediated signal transduction processes and mechanisms of activation of host genes. Our HIV studies are identifying and characterizing host genetic resistance/susceptibility genes influencing HIV infection, molecular mechanisms of HIV latency, functional properties of latently-infected normal CD4 lymphocytes, functions of and interplay between HIV genes and gene products in determining viral biological properties, mechanism by which HIV causes depletion of CD4 lymphocytes, and development of new diagnostics for HIV.

Selected Publications

Wang, L., G.R. Klimpel, J.M. Planas, H. Li, and M.W. Cloyd. Apoptotic killing of HIV-1 infected CD4 lymphocytes in PHA-stimulated PBL cultures is mediated by CD8 + LAK cells. Virology, 241:1-10, 1998.

McChesney, M.B., J.R. Collins, J. Torten, R.L. Ashley, M.W. Cloyd, and C.J. Miller. Rhesus macaques that were transiently viremic after intravaginal inoculation of simian immunodeficiency virus have persistent SIV-specific proliferate responses and occult systemic infection, J. Virol., 72:10029-10035, 1998.

Wang, L., J.J.Y. Chen, B.B. Gelman, R. König, and M.W. Cloyd. A novel mechanism of CD4 lymphocyte depletion involves HIV's effects on resting lymphocytes: induction of lymph node homing and apoptosis upon secondary signaling through homing receptors, J. Immunol. 162:268-276, 1999.

Baron, S., J. Poast, and M.W. Cloyd. Why is HIV rarely transmitted by oral secretions? Saliva can dirupt orally shed, infected lenkocytes. Arch. Int. Med., 159:303-310, 1999.

Chen, J.J.Y. and M.W. Cloyd. The potential importance of HIV-induction of lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes. Intl. Immunol. 11:1591-1594, 1999.

Kirschner, D., G.F. Webb, M. W. Cloyd. A Model of HIV-1 Disease Progression Based on Virus-Induced Lymph Node Homing and Homing-Induced Apoptosis of CD4+ Lymphocytes J. AIDS 24:352-362, 2000

Sahu, G.K., J.J.Y. Chen, J. Huang, K.M. Ramsey, and M.W. Cloyd Transient HIV-1 infection in high risk adults. AIDS, 15: 1175-1177, 2001.

Baron, S., J. Poast, D. Nguyen, M.W. Cloyd. Practical prevention of vaginal and rectal transmission of HIV by adapting the oral defense: use of commercial lubricants. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 17(11): 997-1002; July 20, 2001.

Baron, S., J. Poast, C.J. Richardson, D. Nguyen, M.W. Cloyd. Oral transmission of human immunodeficiency virus by infected seminal fluid and milk: a novel mechanism. J. Infect. Dis.. 181(2): 498-504; Feb 2001.

Dianzani, I., G. Antonelli, E. Riva, O. Turriziani, L. Antonelli, S. Tyring, D.A. Carrasco, H. Lee, D. Nguyen, J. Pan, J. Poast, M. Cloyd, S. Baron. Is human immunodeficiency virus RNA load composed of neutralized immune complexes? J. Infect. Dis. 185(8): 1051-4; Apr 2002.

Chen, J.J.Y, J.Huang, M. Shirtliff, E. Brisco, S. Ali, F. Cesani, D.Parr, and M.W. Cloyd. CD4 Lymphocytes in the blood of HIV+ individuals migrate at enhanced rates to lymph nodes and bone marrow. J. Leuk. Biol, 72: 271-8; 2002.

Chen, J., L. Wang, J.J.Y. Chen, G.L. Sahu, S. Tyring, J. Peterson, K. Ramsey, and M.W. Cloyd. Detection of Antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) That Recognize Conformational Epitopes of Glycoproteins 160 and 41 Often Allows for Early Diagnosis of HIV Infection. J. Inf. Dis. 186: 321-31; 2002.

Bajaria, S.H. Webb, G. Cloyd, M. Kirschner, D. Dynamics of naïve and memory CD4+ T lymphocytes in HIV-1 disease progression. J .Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr. 30(1): 41-58, 2003.

Nguyen, D., H. Lee, J. Poast, M.W. Cloyd, and S. Baron. Preventing sexual transmission of HIV: anti-HIV bioregulatory and homeostatic components of commercial sexual lubricants. J. Biol. Reg. Homes Agents, 18, 2004.

Sahu, G., T. McNearney, A. Evans, A. Turner, S. Weaver, J. Huang, S. Baron, D. Paar, and M. W. Cloyd. Transient or Occult HIV Infectious May Occur More Frequently than Progressive Infections: Changing the Paradigm about HIV Persistence. Arch. Virology, 2004

BOOKS AND CHAPTERS

Cloyd, M.W., J.J.Y. Chen, and L. Wang. How does HIV cause AIDS? The homing theory. Molecular Medicine Today, 6:108-111, 2000.

Cloyd, M.W., J.J.Y. Chen, K. Lee, P. Addegboyega, and L. Wang. How does HIV cause depletion of CD4 lymphocytes? A mechanism involving virus signaling through its cellular receptors. Current Molecular Medicine; 1:545-550, 2001.