UTMB Department of Pathology

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Neuropathology

Pathologic disruption of blood-brain barrier function by both chemical and cellular mediators alters the protected environment of the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in dysfunction and injury in a number of disease conditions. Normal blood-brain barrier function is essential to isolate the CNS from the chemical and immunologic environment of the peripheral vascular system. Physiologic regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability maintains a stable ionic environment in the CNS while permitting the entry of nutrients and precursor molecules and removal of waste materials and metabolites, but blocks the entry of harmful endogenous or exogenous blood-borne agents and severely restricts transmigration of blood leukocytes. The goal of ongoing work in my laboratory is to characterize the intracellular processes in endothelial cells by which the action of inflammatory mediators (cytokines) and chemical signals from supportive cells such as astrocytes regulate or disrupt tight junction integrity and blood-brain barrier permeability. The experimental approaches used to address these questions employ cell culture techniques for co-culturing endothelial cells and astrocytes on the one hand, and intact animal experiments on the other.

I also have an interest in brain injury in chronic alcoholism, and I participate in collaborative studies on neuropathology of neurotropic viruses, neuromuscular disease, cerebrovascular disease and genetic brain disease with other investigators in pathology, neurology, medicine, pediatrics, biochemistry and ophthalmology.

1. Paessler S., Aguilar P., Anishchenko M., Wang H.Q., Aronson J., Campbell G.A., Cararra A.S., Weaver S.C. The hamster as an animal model for eastern equine encephalitis--and its use in studies of virus entrance into the brain. J Infect Dis189:2072-2076, 2004
2. Granwehr B.P., Lillibridge K.M., Higgs S., Mason P.W., Aronson J.F., Campbell G.A., Barrett A.D.T. West Nile virus: where are we now? Lancet Infect. Dis. 4:547-556, 2004.
3. Matalon, R., Surendran, S., Rady, P.L., Quast, M.J., Campbell, G.A., Matalon, K.M., Tyring, S.K., Peden, C.S., Wei, J., Ezell, E.L., Muzyczka, N., Mandel, R.J. Adeno-associated virus-mediated aspartoacylase gene transfer to the brain of knockout mouse for Canavan disease. Mol. Ther., 7:580-7, 2003
4. Surendran, S., Rady, P.L., Michals-Matalon, K., Quast, M.J., Rassin, D.K., Campbell, G.A., Ezell, E.L., Wei, J., Tyring, S.K., Szucs, S., Matalon, R. Expression of glutamate transporter, GABRA6, serine proteinase inhibitor 2 and low levels of glutamate and GABA in the brain of knock-out mouse for Canavan disease. Brain Res. Bull. 61(4):427-435, 2003
5. Molina, C.P., Chaljub, G., Campbell, G.A. Pathologic quiz case: A 37-year-old man with spinal cord compression. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.., 127:827-829, 2003
6. Surendran S, Campbell GA, Tyring SK, Matalon K, McDonald JD, Matalon R. High levels of orexin A in the brain of the mouse model for phenylketonuria: possible role of orexin A in hyperactivity seen in children with PKU. Neurochem. Res.28:1891-1894, 2003.
7. Peng, B.H., Lee, J.C., Campbell, G.A. In vitro protein complex formation with cytoskeleton anchoring domain of occludin identified by limited proteolysis. J. Biol. Chem. 278(49):49644-51, 2003
8. Raja, V., Campbell, G.A. Unusual Cases Involving the CNS and Nasal Sinuses: CASE 2. Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol., 21:3877-3880, 2003
9. Mansour, A.M., Saad, A.J., Haque, A.K., Campbell, G.A., Frangieh, G.T. Ocular pathology in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Comp. Ther. 28:155-159, 2002
10. Choudhary, S., Zhang, F., Campbell, G.A., Chan, L.L., Thompson, E.B., Ansari, N.H. Cellular lipid peroxidation end-products induce apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 32(4):360-369, 2002
11. Segal, E.I.; Tang, R.A.; Lee, A.G.; Roberts, D.I.; Campbell, G.A. Orbital apex lesion as the presenting manifestation of sarcoidosis. J. Neuro-Ophthalmol. 20:156-158; 2000
12. Nauta, H.J.W.; Soukup, V.M.; Fabian, R.H.; Lin, J.T.; Grady, J.J.; Williams, C.G.; Campbell, G.A.; Westlund, K.; Willis, W.D. Punctate midline myelotomy for the relief of visceral cancer pain. J. Neurosurg. 92:125-130; 2000
13. Agraharkar, A.; Gokhale, S.; Le, L.; Rajaraman, S.; Campbell, G.A. Cardiopulmonary manifestations of Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 35: 319-322; 2000
14. Stuart, C.A.; Wen, G.; Peng, B.; Popov, V.L.; Hudnall, S.D.; Campbell, G.A: GLUT3 expression in human skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 279:E855-E861, 2000
15. Tipnis, U.R.; He, G.Y.; Li, S.Z.; Campbell, G.; Boor, P.J. Attenuation of isoproterenol-mediated myocardial injury in rat by an inhibitor of polyamine synthesis. Cardiovascular Pathol. 9:273-280, 2000.
16. Chen, J.W.; Lin, J.; Madamanchi, N.; Trier, T.T.; Campbell, G. Apoptosis occurs in a new model of thermal brain injury. J. Biomed. Sci. 7:459-465, 2000.
17. Matalon, R.; Rady, P.L.; Platt, K.A.; Skinner, H.B.; Quast, M.J.; Campbell, G.A.; Matalon, K.; Ceci, J.D.; Tyring, S.K.; Nehls, M.; Surendan, S.; Wei, J.; Ezell, E.L.; Szucs, S. Knock-out mouse for Canavan disease: a model for gene transfer to the central nervous system. J. Gene Med. 2:165-175; 2000
18. Molina, C.P.; Hawkins, H.; Campbell, G.; Rowe, T.; Grafe, M. Case of the month: Congenital cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Brain Pathol. 9:605-606; 1999
19. Xie, H.; Ryman, K.D.; Campbell, G.A.; Barrett A.D.T. Mutation in NS5 protein attenuates mouse neurovirulence of yellow fever 17D vaccine virus. J. Gen. Virol. 79:1895-1899; 1998
20. Ryman, K.D.; Ledger, T.N.; Campbell, G.A.; Watowich, S.J.; Barrett A.D.T. Mutation in a 17D-204 vaccine substrain-specific envelope protein epitope alters the pathogenesis of yellow fever virus in mice. Virology 244:59-65; 1998
21. Ryman, K.D.; Xie, H.; Ledger, T.N.; Campbell, G.A.; Barrett, A.D.T. Antigenic variants of yellow fever virus with an altered neurovirulence phenotype in mice. Virology 230:376-380; 1997
22. Zhang, W.; Khanna, P.; Chan, L.L.; Campbell, G.A.; Ansari, N.H. Diabetes-induced apoptosis in rat kidney. Biochem. Molec. Med. 61:58-62; 1997.
23. Jaffey, P.B.; Varma, S.; DeMay, R.M.; McLucas, E.J.; Campbell, G.A. Blast-like cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of young infants. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 105:544-547; 1996
24. Jaffey, P.B.; English, P.W.; Campbell, G.A.; Rubin, S.A.; Haque, A.K. Escherichia coli lobar pneumonia: fatal infection in a patient with mental retardation. S. Med. J. 89:628-630; 1996
25. Balakumaran, A.; Campbell, G.A.; Moslen, M.T. Calcium channel blockers induce thymic apoptosis in vivo in rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 139:122-127; 1996
26. Jaffey, P.B.; To, G.T.; Xu, H-J.; Hu S-X.; Benedict, W.F.; Donoso, L.A.; Campbell, G.A. Retinoblastoma-like phenotype expressed in medulloblastomas. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 54:664-672; 1995
27. Cao, J.X.; Haolin, N.; Wills, M.R.; Campbell, G.A.; Sil, B.K.; Ryman, K.D.; Kitchen, I.; Barrett, A.D.T. Passage of Japanese encephalitis virus in HeLa cells results in attenuation of virulence in mice. J. Gen. Virol. 76:2757-2764; 1995
28. Yin, Y.M.; Haque, A.K.; Campbell, GA; Moslen, MT. Aging-associated declines in the antioxidant enzymes of human testis. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 366:418-419; 1994
29. Eckardt, M.J.; Campbell, G.A.; Marietta, C.A.; Majchrowicz, E.; Rawlings, R.; Weight, F.F. Ethanol dependence and withdrawal selectively alter localized cerebral glucose utilization. Brain Res. 584:244-250; 1992
30. McGinnis, M.R.; Campbell, G.A.; Gourley, W.K.; Lucia, H.L. Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Bipolaris specifera: an informative case. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 8:383-386; 1992
31. Seidel, M.F.; Simard, J.M.; Hunter, S.F.; Campbell, G.A. Isolation of arteriolar microvessels and culture of smooth muscle cells from cerebral cortex of guinea pig. Cell Tissue Res. 265:579-587; 1991
32. Bhat, H.; Kanz, M.F.; Campbell, G.A.; Ansari, G.A.S. Ninety day subchronic toxicity study of chloroacetic acids in rats. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 17:240-253; 1991
33. Bradley, R.H.; Kent, T.A.; Eisenberg, H.M.; Quast, M.J.; Ward, G.A.; Campbell, G.A.; Hillman, G. Middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats studied by magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke 20:1032-1036; 1989
34. Somkuti, S.G.; Tilson, H.A.; Brown, H.R.; Campbell, G.A.; Lapadula, D.M.; Abou-Donia, M.B. Lack of delayed neurotoxic effect after tri-o-cresyl phosphate treatment in male Fischer 344 rats: biochemical, neurobehavioral, and neuropathological studies. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 10:199-205; 1988
35. Eckardt, M.M.; Campbell, G.A.; Marietta, C.A.; Majchrowicz, E.; Weight, F.F. Acute ethanol administration selectively alters localized cerebral glucose metabolism. Brain Res. 444:53-58; 1988
36. Lapadula, D.M.; Tilson, H.A.; Campbell, G.A.; Abou-Donia, M.B. Neurotoxic effects of combined treatment of 2,5-hexanedione and triethyllead chloride. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 21:483-492; 1987
37. Eckardt, M.J.; Campbell, G.A.; Marietta, C.A.; Majchrowicz, E.; Wixon, H.N.; Weight, F.F. Cerebral 2-deoxyglucose uptake in rats during ethanol withdrawal and postwithdrawal. Brain Res. 366:1-9; 1986
38. Piatt, J.H.; Campbell, G.A.; Oakes, W.J. Papillary meningioma of the oculomotor nerve in an infant. Case report. J. Neurosurg. 64:808-812; 1986
39. Shyn, P.B.; Campbell, G.A.; Guinto, F.C.; Crofford, M.J. Primary intracranial ependymoblastoma presenting as spinal cord compression due to metastasis. Child's Nerv. Syst. 2:323-325; 1986
40. Marietta, C.A.; Eckardt, M.J.; Campbell, G.A.; Majchrowicz, E.; Weight, F.F. Glucose uptake in brain during withdrawal from ethanol, phenobarbital, and diazepam. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 10:1-4; 1986
41. Abou-Donia, M.B.; Lapadula, D.M.; Campbell, G.A.; Abdo, K.M. The joint neurotoxic action of inhaled methyl butyl ketone vapor and dermally applied O-Ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate in hens: potentiating effect. Toxicol. Applied Pharmacol. 79:69-82; 1985
42. Abou-Donia, M.B.; Makkawy, H.M.; Campbell, G.A. Pattern of neurotoxicity of n-hexane, methyl n-butyl ketone, 2,5-hexanediol, and 2,5 hexanedione alone and in combination with O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate in hens. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 16:85-100; 1985.
43. Campbell, G.A.; Eckardt, M.J.; Weight, F.F. Dopaminergic mechanisms in subthalamic nucleus of rat: analysis using horseradish peroxidase and microiontophoresis. Brain Res. 333:261-270; 1985
44. Abou-Donia, M.B.; Lapadula, D.M.; Campbell, G.A.; Timmons, P.R. The synergism of n-hexane neurotoxicity by methyl isobutyl ketone following subchronic (90 days) inhalation in hens: induction of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450. Toxicol. Applied Pharmacol. 81:1-16; 1985
45. Lapadula, D.M.; Patton, S.E.; Campbell, G.A.; Abou-Donia, M.B. Characterization of delayed neurotoxicity in the mouse following chronic oral administration of tri-o-cresyl phosphate. Toxicol. Applied Pharmacol. 79:83-90; 1985
46. Piatt, J.H.; Campbell, G.A. Pineal region meningioma: report of two cases and literature review. Neurosurg. 12:369-376; 1983
47. Campbell, G.A.; Eckardt, M.J.; Majchrowicz, E.; Marietta, C.A.; Weight, F.F. Ethanol - withdrawal syndrome associated with both general and localized increases in glucose uptake in rat brain. Brain Res. 237:517-522; 1982
48. Campbell, G.A.; Crawford, I.L. A gated electronic switch for stimulation and recording with a single electrode. Brain Res. Bull. 5:485-486; 1980
49. Campbell, G.A.; Matzner, R.A. A model for peaking of galactic gravitational radiation. J. Math. Phys. 14:1-6; 1973

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