|
Mood Disorders
Chapter 15
Epidemiology
 | Lifetime prevalence |
| Yearly rate |
| Gender differences |
| Ethnic differences |
Etiology
Biological –
Genetic –
Psychosocial
| Tables 15.1-7, 1-8, 1-9 are good references. |
Symptoms of Depression
| Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" mood |
| Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism |
| Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness |
| Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed, including
sex |
| Insomnia, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping |
| Appetite and/or weight loss or overeating and weight gain |
| Decreased energy, fatigue, being "slowed down" |
| Thoughts of death or suicide; suicide attempts |
| Restlessness, irritability |
| Difficulty concentrating, remembering, making decisions |
| Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment, such as headaches,
digestive disorders, and chronic pain |
Treatment
| Psychotherapy |
| Medication |
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder involves cycles of depression and mania.
Symptoms of Mania
| Inflated sense of self-esteem |
| Inappropriate elation |
| Inappropriate irritability |
| Severe insomnia |
| Grandiose notions |
| Increased talking |
| Disconnected and racing thoughts |
| Increased sexual desire |
| Markedly increased energy |
| Poor judgment |
| Inappropriate social behavior |
Dysthymia & Cyclothymia
Anxiety Disorders
Chapter 16
| Anxiety is normal |
Symptoms of Anxiety
| Diarrhea |
| Dizziness, light-headedness |
| Hypertension |
| Palpitations |
| Restlessness |
| Tachycardia |
| Tingling in the extremities |
| Tremors |
| Upset Stomach |
| Urinary frequency |
| Whether an event is stressful or not depends on 4 things: |
Epidemiology
| Lifetime prevalence is 30.5% for women and 19.2% for men. |
Etiology
| Behavioral Theory of Anxiety |
| Classical Conditioning |
| Social Learning |
| Biology |
| Autonomic nervous system |
| Neurotransmitters |
| Genetics |
DSM-IV Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition
Substance Induced Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety Disorder NOS
| Mixed Anxiety-Depressive Disorder |
- Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia
DSM-IV Criteria for Panic Attack
A discrete period of intense fear or discomfort, in which four (or more) of the
following symptoms developed abruptly and reached a peak within 10 minutes:
- Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate
- Sweating
- Trembling or shaking
- Shortness of breath or smothering
- Feeling of choking
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Nausea or abdominal distress
- Dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded or faint
- Derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from oneself)
- Fear of losing control or going crazy
- Fear of dying
- Paresthesias (numbness of tingling sensations)
- Chills or hot flashes
Panic Disorder
- Recurrent unexpected panic attacks
- At least one of the attacks has been followed by at least 1 month of :
- Persistent concern about having another attack
- Worry about the implications of the attack (e.g., having a heart attack, loosing
control, or am crazy)
- A significant change in behavior related to the attacks
Separated into With and Without Agoraphobia
Agoraphobia – anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might
be difficult (or embarrassing) or in which help may not be available in the even a panic
attack is experienced
Specific Phobia
Social Phobia
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
| Common obsessions and compulsions include: |
| Contamination |
| Pathological doubt |
| Intrusive thoughts |
| Symmetry |
| Other |
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
| Symptoms are categorized into four categories: intrusive symptoms, avoidant symptoms,
symptoms of hyperarousal, and associated features. |
- Intrusive Symptoms
- Symptoms of Avoidance
- Symptoms of Hyperarousal
- Associated Features
Somatoform Disorders
Chapter 17
Table 17-1 Clinical features of somatoform disorders
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Chapter 18
| Chronic disorder of unknown cause characterized by fatigue, pain and cognitive
disorders. |
| No evidence to date can prove a definite cause for CFS. |
| Some doubt its existence. |
Factitious Disorders
Chapter 19
| Deliberate production or feigning of physical or psychological symptoms. |
| Motivation is to assume the sick role. |
| External incentives for the behavior. |
Dissociative Disorders
Chapter 20
| Disorder of the 1980’s. |
Dissociative Identity Disorder (MPD)
| The presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states (each with its own
relatively enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment
and self). |
| At least two of these identities or personality states recurrently take control of the
person's behavior. |
| Inability to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be explained
by ordinary forgetfulness. |
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