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TEACH-VIP
T rainin=
g,
E ducating,
A dvancing
C ollaboration in
H ealth on
V iolence and
I njury
P revention
=
Core curriculum
Lesson 15
=
The
materials in this lesson are based on an injury prevention and control curriculum originally =
developed by the World Health =
Organization and a global network =
of injury experts.
![](3D"slide0035_image003.gif")
Injury prevention and control strategies for youth viol=
ence
and collective vi=
olence
Youth
violence and collective violence
Sessi=
on
time: 60 minutes
=
Secti=
on
V. Applied injury prevention and contr=
ol,
and safety promotion
Main objectives of this lesson&=
#13;
1. To introduce students to the study,
prevention and control of injuries due to
interpersonal violence
focusing mostly on youth violence and overall violence
within communities.&#=
13;
2. To explore measures taken to contr=
ol and
prevent violence by means of
&nbs=
p;
practical examples.
Core competencies that students=
should
attain by the end of the session
To gain an understanding of: <=
span
style=3D'font-size:75%;display:none'>
1. the global burden of injuries due =
to
interpersonal violence;
2. the risk factors and determinants
associated with youth violence;
3. the dynamics of youth violence;=
3;
4. the influence of multiple level fa=
ctors
and their influence in the occurrence of
interpersonal
violence;
5. different interventions or strateg=
ies
aimed at controlling or preventing interpersonal
violence;
=
6. the definition of collective
violence;
7. the global burden of injuries due =
to
collective violence.
![](3D"slide0034_image004.gif")
Youth violence and
collective violence
TEACH-VIP
Youth violence
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%'>• Most visible form of violence in
societies
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%'>• Closely related to other forms of
violence
Youth violence
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%'>• Considerable variation between
countries
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%;visibility:hidden'>•<=
/span>
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%'>• Consistently higher among males=
3;
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%;visibility:hidden'>•<=
/span>
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%'>• Trends in youth homicide
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%;visibility:hidden'>•<=
/span>
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%'>• Weapons used vary by region=
Global burden: youth
![](3D"slide0003_image006.jpg")
Sour=
ce:
Krug et al., eds., 2002.
![](3D"slide0004_image008.jpg")
Global burden: youth
Sour=
ce:
Krug et al., eds., 2002.
![](3D"slide0009_image010.jpg")
Global burden: youth
Sour=
ce:
Krug et al., eds., 2002.
Risk factors: youth
•<=
/span> Individual
–<=
/span> hyperactivity
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–<=
/span> impulsiveness
–<=
/span> poor behavioural control
–<=
/span> attention problems
–<=
/span> history of early aggressive
behaviour
–<=
/span> low educational achievement=
•<=
/span> Family and Peers
–<=
/span> poor supervision or family
attachment
–<=
/span> parental conflict
–<=
/span> early pregnancy
=
–<=
/span> low family cohesion
–<=
/span> low socioeconomic status
Risk factors: youth
•<=
/span> Social-cultural factors
–<=
/span> gangs and supply of weapons
–<=
/span> low social cohesion
–<=
/span> quality of country governance
=
–<=
/span> income inequality
–<=
/span> lack of non-violent alternatives
Risk factors: youth
•<=
/span> Individual level
–<=
/span> pre-school enrichment programmes&#=
13;
–<=
/span> social development programmes
=
–<=
/span> bully prevention programmes
–<=
/span> vocational training<=
/div>
Prevention: youth
•<=
/span> Family level
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–<=
/span> home visitation
=
–<=
/span> parental training
–<=
/span> family therapy
<=
/div>
–<=
/span> mentoring
Prevention: youth
•<=
/span> Community level
=
–<=
/span> improving school settings
–<=
/span> after-school programmes
–<=
/span> extra-curricular activities
–<=
/span> community policing
–<=
/span> gang prevention
=
–<=
/span> environmental modifications
–<=
/span> improving emergency responses
=
–<=
/span> training health-care workers (ID
and referral)
Prevention: youth
•<=
/span> Societal level
<=
/div>
– public information campaigns
<=
/span>
– efforts to reduce media violence&#=
13;
–<=
/span> strengthening of police and judici=
al
systems
– reform of educational systems
=
– reduction of poverty and
inequalities
–<=
/span> reduction of availability of guns =
or
other risk
factors
Prevention: youth
Policy recommendations
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%;visibility:hidden'>•<=
/span>
•<=
/span> Increased research activities addr=
essing
current
gaps
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%;visibility:hidden'>•<=
/span>
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%;visibility:hidden'>•<=
/span>
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%'>• Dissemination of knowledge<=
/span>
![](3D"slide0023_image011.gif")
Collective violence
Definition
The instrumental use of violence by people who
identify =
themselves
as members of a group - whether this group is transitory or has a more perma=
nent
identity - against another group or set of individuals, in order to achieve political, economic or social
objectives.
Source: Krug et al., eds., =
2002.
![](3D"slide0024_image012.gif")
Typology
Collective&=
#13;
Physical
Sexual
Psychological
Deprivation or neglect
=
Social
=
Political
Economic
Nature of violence
Source: adapted from: Kru=
g et
al., eds., 2002.
Forms of collective violence
• Wars, terrorism and other political
conflicts between states
• Organized violent cri=
me
(banditry, gangs)
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'>• State perpetrated vio=
lence
(genocide, repression, torture,
=
disappearances)
Risk factors
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%'>• Political and economic factors
=
;
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%;visibility:hidden'>•<=
/span>
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%'>• Societal and community factors
=
;
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%;visibility:hidden'>•<=
/span>
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%'>• Demographic factors
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%;visibility:hidden'>•<=
/span>
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:117%'>• Technological factors
![](3D"slide0026_image014.jpg")
Inequality and collective violence
Source: Krug et al., eds.,
2002.
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'>• Increase in all types=
of
injuries
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;visibility:hidden'>•
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'>• Reduced access to
nutrition
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;visibility:hidden'>•
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'>• Increased risk of
communicable diseases
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;visibility:hidden'>•
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'>• Reduced access to hea=
lth
services
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;visibility:hidden'>•
<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'>