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Advances in HIV vaccine development focus on eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) through next-generation immunogens. Human trials are testing these candidates for their ability to initiate B cell maturation. This workshop report reviews emerging data and methods for analyzing B cell repertoires, highlighting strategies to streamline these labor-intensive processes. The goal is to enable timely, cost-effective design of sequential immunization regimens that induce potent, protective bNAbs against HIV.