The latest research from UTMB scientists found that a drug to treat Zika virus infections could already exist and be available on the market.
A team of researchers, led by Dr. Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco, a professor and chair of the biochemistry and molecular biology department at UTMB, and Shelton S. Bradrick, an assistant professor in the department, tested more than 770 different U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved therapeutics and found that more than 20 of those decreased Zika virus. Their findings were published in the August edition of Cell Host & Microbe.
“We were driven by the lack of any available treatment options when confronted with severe Zika infections, specifically in pregnancy,” Garcia-Blanco said. “We decided to look for treatment opportunities among FDA-approved drugs.”
The team is recommending that some of the drugs found to be effective against Zika virus be considered for testing in clinical studies. Among the effective therapeutics in the study were drugs used to treat a wide range of ailments and diseases, including bacterial and parasitic infections, cancers and depression.
“Given that viruses highjack many of our own cellular processes, and these are targets of known drugs, this approach seemed reasonable,” said Nicholas Barrows, the first author of the study.
First isolated in 1947 in Uganda, Zika virus emerged as a global concern in 2007 with a series of outbreaks across the Pacific followed by a dramatic spread in the Americas in 2014 and 2015. Declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization, researchers are now working to understand many facets of the virus, ncluding the potential neurological complications those infected could suffer and the microcephaly-related birth defects some babies have experienced.
There are no approved vaccines or specific therapies available yet. Researchers, including some at UTMB, are working on possible vaccines, but it could still take some time before they are ready for clinical trials. Meanwhile, many of the drugs shown to be effective in the study have already been tested and approved for human use.
“Multiple drugs that inhibit Zika virus in our studies have been used previously during pregnancy to treat other diseases and have been used safely in the U.S. and abroad,” Bradrick said.
To find the effective drugs, the researchers tested 774 FDA-approved drugs using a variety of human cell types, including human neural stem cells and primary amnion epithelial cells.
“Although it can be difficult to extrapolate from in vitro experiments to efficacy on people, it is promising that our testing in primary human cells discovered several drugs with anti-Zika virus activity,” Garcia-Blanco said.
Other authors of this study include Rafael K. Campos, Steven Powell, K. Reddisiva Prasanth, Geraldine Schott-Lerner, Ruben Soto-Acosta, Gaddiel Galarza-Muñoz, Erica L. McGrath, Rheanna Urrabaz-Garza, Junling Gao, Ping Wu, Ramkumar Menon, George Saade, Ildefonso Fernandez-Salas, Shannan L. Rossi, Nikos Vasilakis and Andrew Routh.