A vector is an organism—typically an arthropod or rodent—that transmits pathogens from one host to another. Vectors play a crucial role in the spread of many diseases, often without being affected themselves. For example, mosquitoes are vectors that transmit malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, while ticks can carry Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. Another example is rats, which were key vectors in the spread of the plague due to their fleas carrying Yersinia pestis. Vector control refers to strategies aimed at reducing or eliminating the populations of these disease-transmitting organisms or limiting the interaction with people to prevent outbreaks. Techniques include using insecticide-treated bed nets to prevent mosquito bites or improving sanitation or using rodenticides to control rat populations. These methods are essential public health tools in managing vector-borne diseases.
– Corri Levine, PhD, MS, MPH
Associate Director, SPECTRE